EVOLUSI LENGKAP MODEL OPENAI: DARI GPT-1 HINGGA GPT-5

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Evolusi Lengkap Model OpenAI: Dari GPT-1 hingga GPT-5

🔵 Evolusi Lengkap Model OpenAI:
Semua Model Publik Resmi

Dikembangkan oleh OpenAI. Berikut daftar seluruh lini model utama yang pernah dirilis publik via API atau ChatGPT, termasuk varian instruct, turbo, preview, mini, nano, embedding, moderation, dan reasoning. (Catatan: Hanya model publik resmi, bukan snapshot internal.)

1. GPT-1 ERA (2018)

  • ✅ GPT-1 (gpt-1) ~117M parameter

Paper: Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training. Tidak ada varian publik tambahan.

2. GPT-2 ERA (2019)

  • ✅ GPT-2 (117M)
  • ✅ gpt-2-medium (345M)
  • ✅ gpt-2-large (774M)
  • ✅ gpt-2-xl (1.5B parameter)

3. GPT-3 ERA (2020–2022)

🟢 Base Completion Models

  • davinci
  • curie
  • babbage
  • ada

🟢 Instruct Series

  • text-davinci-001
  • text-davinci-002
  • text-davinci-003
  • text-curie-001
  • text-babbage-001
  • text-ada-001

🟢 Code Models

  • code-davinci-002
  • code-cushman-001

🟢 Edit Models

  • text-davinci-edit-001
  • code-davinci-edit-001

🟢 Embedding Models

  • text-similarity-davinci-001
  • text-similarity-curie-001
  • text-similarity-babbage-001
  • text-similarity-ada-001
  • text-search-davinci-doc-001
  • text-search-davinci-query-001
  • text-search-curie-doc-001
  • text-search-curie-query-001
  • text-search-babbage-doc-001
  • text-search-babbage-query-001
  • text-search-ada-doc-001
  • text-search-ada-query-001
  • code-search-babbage-code-001
  • code-search-babbage-text-001
  • code-search-ada-code-001
  • code-search-ada-text-001

🟢 Moderation

  • content-filter-alpha
  • text-moderation-001

4. GPT-3.5 ERA (ChatGPT Launch – 2022)

🟢 GPT-3.5 Series

  • gpt-3.5-turbo
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0301
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0613
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0125
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-16k
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613

🟢 GPT-3.5 Instruct

  • gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct

5. GPT-4 ERA (2023)

🟢 GPT-4 Base

  • gpt-4
  • gpt-4-0314
  • gpt-4-0613
  • gpt-4-32k
  • gpt-4-32k-0314
  • gpt-4-32k-0613

🟢 GPT-4 Turbo / Preview

  • gpt-4-1106-preview
  • gpt-4-0125-preview
  • gpt-4-turbo
  • gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09

6. GPT-4o ERA (Omni – 2024)

🟢 GPT-4o

  • gpt-4o
  • gpt-4o-2024-05-13
  • gpt-4o-2024-08-06
  • gpt-4o-2024-11-20

🟢 GPT-4o Mini

  • gpt-4o-mini
  • gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

7. GPT-4.1 SERIES (2024–2025)

  • gpt-4.1
  • gpt-4.1-2024-12-xx
  • gpt-4.1-mini
  • gpt-4.1-nano

8. GPT-5 SERIES (2025)

  • gpt-5
  • gpt-5-mini
  • gpt-5-nano

9. EMBEDDING GENERATION MODERN SERIES

🟢 Ada v2

  • text-embedding-ada-002

🟢 Embedding 3 Series

  • text-embedding-3-small
  • text-embedding-3-large

10. MODERATION MODERN SERIES

  • text-moderation-latest
  • text-moderation-stable
  • omni-moderation-latest

11. IMAGE / MULTIMODAL MODELS

  • dall-e-2
  • dall-e-3
  • gpt-4-vision-preview

Terkait model gambar oleh OpenAI.

12. AUDIO MODELS

  • whisper-1
  • tts-1
  • tts-1-hd

🔬 Ringkasan Evolusi Besar

EraFokusLompatan Utama
GPT-1PretrainingKonsep dasar transformer
GPT-2ScaleKoherensi teks panjang
GPT-3GeneralizationFew-shot
GPT-3.5AlignmentChat optimization
GPT-4ReasoningAkurasi tinggi
GPT-4oMultimodal nativeVoice + vision realtime
GPT-4.1StabilityTool-use presisi
GPT-5Agentic reasoningWorkflow kompleks
Evolusi Lengkap Model OpenAI: Dari GPT-1 hingga GPT-5 + Spesifikasi Teknis

🔵 Evolusi Lengkap Model OpenAI:
Semua Model Publik + Spesifikasi Teknis

Dikembangkan oleh OpenAI. Daftar lengkap model publik resmi via API/ChatGPT + tabel teknis (context window, cost, token limits, release dates).

1. GPT-1 ERA (2018)

  • GPT-1 (gpt-1) ~117M parameter

Paper: Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training.

2. GPT-2 ERA (2019)

  • GPT-2 (117M)
  • gpt-2-medium (345M)
  • gpt-2-large (774M)
  • gpt-2-xl (1.5B)

3. GPT-3 ERA (2020–2022)

🟢 Base Completion

  • davinci
  • curie
  • babbage
  • ada

🟢 Instruct Series

  • text-davinci-001
  • text-davinci-002
  • text-davinci-003
  • text-curie-001
  • text-babbage-001
  • text-ada-001

🟢 Code Models

  • code-davinci-002
  • code-cushman-001

🟢 Moderation

  • content-filter-alpha
  • text-moderation-001

4. GPT-3.5 ERA (2022–2023)

🟢 GPT-3.5 Turbo

  • gpt-3.5-turbo
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0301
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0613
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-0125
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-16k
  • gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613

🟢 GPT-3.5 Instruct

  • gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct

5. GPT-4 ERA (2023)

🟢 GPT-4 Base

  • gpt-4
  • gpt-4-0314
  • gpt-4-0613
  • gpt-4-32k
  • gpt-4-32k-0314
  • gpt-4-32k-0613

🟢 Vision Preview

  • gpt-4-vision-preview

6. GPT-4 Turbo ERA (2023–2024)

  • gpt-4-1106-preview
  • gpt-4-0125-preview
  • gpt-4-turbo
  • gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09

7. GPT-4o ERA (Omni, 2024)

🟢 GPT-4o

  • gpt-4o
  • gpt-4o-2024-05-13
  • gpt-4o-2024-08-06
  • gpt-4o-2024-11-20

🟢 GPT-4o Mini

  • gpt-4o-mini
  • gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

8. GPT-4.1 SERIES (2024–2025)

  • gpt-4.1
  • gpt-4.1-mini
  • gpt-4.1-nano

9. GPT-5 SERIES (2025)

  • gpt-5
  • gpt-5-mini
  • gpt-5-nano

10. Modern Embedding Models

  • text-embedding-ada-002
  • text-embedding-3-small
  • text-embedding-3-large

11. Modern Moderation Models

  • text-moderation-latest
  • text-moderation-stable
  • omni-moderation-latest

12. Image & Audio Models

🟢 Image Generation

  • dall-e-2
  • dall-e-3

🟢 Speech-to-Text

  • whisper-1

🟢 Text-to-Speech

  • tts-1
  • tts-1-hd

📊 Tabel Spesifikasi Teknis Lengkap

Model Release Context Window Input Cost ($/1M) Output Cost ($/1M) Max Tokens Key Features
gpt-4o-2024-11-20 Nov 2024 128K $2.50 $10.00 16K Multimodal, fastest
gpt-4o May 2024 128K $5.00 $15.00 16K Voice/Vision native
gpt-4-turbo Apr 2024 128K $10.00 $30.00 16K JSON mode, high accuracy
gpt-4o-mini Jul 2024 128K $0.15 $0.60 16K Cheapest multimodal
gpt-4-0613 Jun 2023 8K/32K $30.00 $60.00 8K Function calling
gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 Nov 2023 16K $0.50 $1.50 4K Balanced speed/cost
text-embedding-3-large Jan 2024 8K $0.13 - - Best embedding quality
whisper-1 Sep 2022 25MB audio $0.006/min - - Speech-to-text
Legacy/Deprecated
gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct 2023 4K $0.50 $1.50 4K Deprecated
davinci-002 2021 4K $0.02 $0.02 4K Original GPT-3

*Costs per 1M tokens. Data as of Feb 2026. Check OpenAI pricing page for latest.

🔬 Ringkasan Evolusi

Era Fokus Lompatan Utama
GPT-1PretrainingKonsep dasar transformer
GPT-4oMultimodalVoice + vision realtime
GPT-5AgenticWorkflow kompleks

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